Dog Arthritis

Arthritis is a condition that causes inflammation and pain in the joints, often resulting from the natural wear and tear that occurs within the joints over time. Osteoarthritis in dogs results when the cartilage that lines and cushions these joints becomes damaged or worn down, allowing the bones in the joint to rub together.

Joint pain in dogs results in reduced mobility, which can present in various ways, such as a reluctance to climb stairs, difficulty standing, or a visible limp. In more severe cases, swollen joints may be observed or there may be noticeable pain or discomfort upon touching the affected area or joints. Early intervention is crucial for managing these symptoms effectively.

Several factors contribute to arthritis in dogs, including age, genetics, and lifestyle. While it’s more common in older dogs, arthritis can also occur in younger dogs due to conformational joint or bone problems (how the dog is built).

1.    Puppy Developmental Joint Issues: Developmental joint issues arise when the joints do not form properly during the puppy stage, leading to joint problems later in life. Conditions like hip dysplasia or elbow dysplasia predispose dogs to arthritis. Some breeds of dogs, such as Labradors and German Shepherds, are genetically predisposed to developing arthritis. 
2.    Ageing Changes: As dogs age, natural wear and tear on their joints increases the likelihood of arthritis. Injury, resulting from overuse, and obesity can also put extra stress on these joints and lead to the progression of arthritis within the joints.  
Understanding the causes of arthritis in both young and old dogs can allow us to identify this condition earlier on so we can more effectively manage these cases. 

Some breeds are genetically predisposed to joint problems and are more likely to develop arthritis as they age.

•    Large Breeds: Labradors, German Shepherds, and Golden Retrievers are at greater risk due to their size.
•    Dogs with Joint Problems: Bulldogs and Dachshunds are prone to joint issues because of their unique body structures.
•    Active Breeds: Border Collies and Australian Shepherds may develop arthritis due to their high activity levels.
Knowing what dog breeds are prone to arthritis can help you monitor and manage their joint health proactively.

Recognising the signs of dog arthritis is essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment.
•    Limping or Stiffness: Especially noticeable after rest or exercise.
•    Difficulty Moving: Reluctance to climb stairs or jump into the car.
•    Pain in Specific Areas: Symptoms like sudden dog hip pain and a sore elbow could indicate arthritis.
•    Visible Discomfort: Dogs with severe arthritis may whimper, avoid physical activity, or struggle to get comfortable while resting. Swelling and warmth may also be observed around the affected joints. 
If you notice these common symptoms of osteoarthritis in your dog, consult your veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

The best approach to arthritis treatment and management incorporates a combination of medical, dietary and lifestyle modifications to slow down the progression of disease, manage pain and improve mobility.

Medications can play a vital role in managing pain and inflammation for dogs with arthritis. There are different types of dog arthritis medicines that your vet may recommend, including:
•    NSAID for Dogs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a common type of anti-inflammatory medication for dogs which can also help with pain. These medications are commonly prescribed as arthritis tablets for dogs, but oral liquid forms are also available. Do not use human anti-inflammatory medications in dogs as some of these can be toxic.
•    Dog Arthritis Injections: Different injectable medications are available which can help to control pain or slow the progression of arthritis in dogs. 
•    Pain Relief Medications for Dogs: Additional pain relief medications may be recommended to help further reduce the pain and discomfort that is associated with arthritis.
•    Joint Supplements for Dogs: Always consult your vet before using any non-prescription options. 

Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for reducing stress on your dog’s joints.
•    Weight Loss Diet for Dogs: Visit your local veterinary clinic for advice on the most appropriate type of dog food for weight loss.  
•    Regular, Low-impact Exercise: Regular activity and low-impact exercise helps to maintain muscle mass, support joint health and overall improve the well-being of our furry friends.

Some supplements may be helpful as part of dog joint care. Your veterinarian can recommend the best dog joint supplements (e.g. dog joint powders that can be mixed with food).